Renewable Energy Alternative Energy Sources - 1906 Words

Non- Renewable Energy These energy sources are very efficient in the way they work and provide for our needs. Unfortunately, there are two immense disadvantages for fossil fuels and non-renewable resources. They are named non renewable for a reason, the process that these resources go through literally takes millions of years for them to be useful for our needs. â€Å"We have to recognize there is a finite planetary quantity of each nonrenewable resource that can be recovered economically. In theory, it is possible to calculate when the world will run out of a particular resource† (Fred Magdoff 2013). These resources are also not eco-friendly and are the main factor of many problems arising such as global warming which threatens the human race. Some examples include Metal ores, minerals, oils, and gas. Renewable Energy Sources As the human race is becoming desperate there are four alternative energy sources that can solve the predicament that we are in. Alternative energy resources have the advantage of being available very often with no risk of scarcity. Nuclear, Solar, Wind, and Hydroelectric energy sources are considered to be the four major resources that can replace fossil fuels. â€Å"There are currently approximately 7 billion people in the world and, given current trends, the population is expected to be around 9 billion in 2050, and over 10 billion by 2100† (Fred Magdoff 2013). Alternative energy sources are termed renewable because they can be continually replenishedShow MoreRelatedAlternative Energy Sources For Renewable Energy1710 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern for our environment, alternative energy has become a source of energy that is an alternative to the problem that these fossil fuels have caused our Earth. Alternative energy are renewable and is considered to be free energy source s (Alternative Energy). All alternative energy sources have lower carbon emissions when being compared to conventional energy sources. These sources include Biomass Energy, Wind, Solar, Geothermal, and Hydroelectric Energy (Alternative Energy). With the use of recyclingRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources For Renewable Energy1511 Words   |  7 PagesRenewable energy has become a widely popular topic in society. With the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, scientist are looking to natural and renewable resources to create a means to produce sustainable energy. There are many alternative energy sources that have proven useful in the past couple of years. Some of the alternative energy sources are not only more useful than others but have proven to be easier to attain and also prove to create a more substantial amount of energy. Today, the most widelyRead MoreAlternative Energy For Renewable Energy Sources3426 Words   |  14 Pagesworld has depended on one form of energy for transpo rtation, and that is fossil fuels. This means as our demand for these fossil fuels increases our supply will decrease dramatically. As supply dwindles and costs rise, nations will be forced to utilize alternative energy sources. Coal, both non-renewable and environmentally destructive, is the most likely near-term candidate for replacing oil as a primary energy source. In order to achieve a secure and stable energy supply that does not cause environmentalRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Energy For Renewable Energy1766 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Majority of electricity generated in New Zealand are mainly from renewable source of energy that are naturally occurring. These source of energy are not consumed when converted hence they will not be depleted, and they are constantly reusable and replenish naturally. Increase in research and investment toward renewable energy will benefit New Zealand society as it will generate less pollution, and more jobs opportunities will emerge. Furthermore it will benefit New Zealand by reinforcingRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources For Renewable Energy1466 Words   |  6 Pagesseeking new forms of energy that will provide clean energy and also preserve Earth s lifespan. The use of renewable and non-renewable resources has been a major controversy throughout history; renewable energy such as wind power has been the main focus of this issue. Many would believe wind energy is the best renewable power source because it is the cleanest and most efficient, whereas, others view wind energy as a tim e bomb that will soon destroy the planet. Alternative energy sources should replaceRead MoreAlternative Energy Resources : Renewable Energy Source848 Words   |  4 PagesAlternate energy resources are being developed to compete against the fossil fuel power stations. Fossil fuel such as coal and oil are drilled and shoveled out of the ground and then processed to be turned into electricity. Problems with fossil fuels are that they produce hazardous air emissions and give off by-products that will harm the area. Some well-known alternate renewable energy resources are wind, solar, and hydro power. These are all sources that are in abundance and will be around forRead MoreAlternative Sources of Renewable Energy Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagesthe need for energy is growing as well. We are accustomed to using fossil fuels as our central source of energy for everyday uses. Fossil fuels are a natural matter that is found in the ground of the Earth formed in a previous time period mil lions of years ago that are nonrenewable and are used for energy today. Fossil fuels have to be burned in order to produce energy. When nonrenewable resources have been used, they cannot restock themselves or ever be used again. Renewable energy is a supplyRead MoreAssess the Potential of Three Sources of Renewable Energy as Alternatives to Using Fossil Fuels in the Developing World1850 Words   |  8 Pagesbecame the main source of energy. However, faced with the notable increase demand for energy, fossil fuel, as a non-renewable resource becomes scarcer and more expensive nowadays. To solve this problem, the world needs to replace fossil fuels with other sources of energy which are relatively low-cost and more secure. Renewable energy is such a potential energy. This essay will give an outline of three sources of renewable energy to be used in developing nations, which are solar energy, wind power andRead MoreRenewable Energy : The Beneficial Option For The Future !1227 Words   |  5 PagesRenewable energy; the beneficial option for the future! The threat of global warming is influencing people to become â€Å"greener,† turning to renewable energy options which are often referred to as alternative energy. Renewable energy refers to energy that does not come from burning of fossil fuels or pollutant infused methods to provide energy. It is the harnessing of natural resources that are constantly renewable such as sunlight for solar panels and wind for wind turbines, just to name two (LambRead MoreNew And Alternative Sources Of Energy1311 Words   |  6 Pages Today s society uses enormous amounts of energy. *The shadow of our presence on this planet is a result of generations upon generations of production and utilization of energy*. New and alternative sources of energy are being developed to replace the declining accessibility of coal and fossil fuels. Use of renewable energy is a key component in combatting the climate change that has become a major issue in the 21st century. Reducing our impact on the climate as a result of greenhouse gas emissions

Night World Witchlight Chapter 17 Free Essays

Not for the dragon. She jumped for the tree. It was a good, tall loblolly pine, whose drooping lower branches didn’t look as if they could support a kitten. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Witchlight Chapter 17 or any similar topic only for you Order Now But Keller didn’t need support. As she leaped, she changed, pushing it as fast as she could. She reached the tree with four paws full of lethal claws extended. And she ran straight up the vertical surface. Her claws sank into the clean, cinnamon trunk, and she shot up like a rocket. When she got high enough to be obscured by the dull-green needles on the droopy branches, she launched herself into the air again. It was a desperate move, betting everything on one blind spring. But it was all she could think of. She could never take the dragon in a fair fight. She was betting on her claws. In the wild, a panther could shear the head off a deer with a single swipe. Keller was going for the horns. She came down right on target. The dragon made the mistake of looking up at her, maybe thinking that she was trying to get behind it, to land on its back again and kill it. Or maybe thinking that she might see the pale face of an innocent girl and hesitate. Whatever it thought, it was a mistake. Keller was already slashing as she landed. A single deadly swipe with all her power behind it. Her claws peeled the forehead off the creature in a spray of blood and flesh. The screaming roar almost burst her eardrums. It was the sound she’d heard before in the mall, a sound so deep in pitch that she felt it as much as heard it. It shook her bones, and it reverberated in every tree and in the red clay of the ground. And that was another mistake, although Keller didn’t know it at once. At the same instant as she heard the roar, she felt the pain. The dark power crackled through her like a whiplash and tore her own involuntary scream from her. It was worse than the first time she’d felt it, ten times worse, maybe more. The dragon was much stronger. And it followed her. Like a real whip, it flashed across the clearing after her. It hit her again as she hit the ground, and Keller screamed again. It hurt. She tried to scrabble away, but the pain made her weak, and she fell over on her side. And then the black energy hit her right shoulder-exactly where it had hit the first time in the mall. Keller saw white light. And then she was falling in darkness. Her last thought was, I didn’t get it. I couldn’t have. It still has power. Diana, I’m sorry†¦ She stopped feeling anything. She opened her eyes slowly. Hurts†¦ She was looking up at the dragon. It had dropped Iliana; Keller couldn’t see where. And it was staring down at her in malevolent fury, obviously waiting for her to wake up so she could feel it when it killed her. When he killed her. He’d taken on the shape he’d been wearing in the beginning. A young man with clean, handsome features and a nicely muscled if compact body. Black hair that shed rainbow colors under the moonlight and looked as fine and soft as her own fur. And those obsidian eyes. It was hard to look away from those eyes. They seemed to capture her gaze and suck her in. They were so much more like stones than eyes, silver-black, shiny stones that seemed to reflect all light out again. But when she managed to drag her gaze upward, she felt a thrill of hope. His forehead was a bleeding ruin. She had gotten him. Her slash had carved a nice hamburger-sized piece out of his scalp. Somewhere on the ground in the clearing were two little stubby horns. But only two; there were three left on his head. He must have turned at the last instant. Keller would have cursed if she had a human throat. â€Å"How’re you feeling?† the dragon said, and leered at her form under the gory mess of his scalp. Keller tried to snarl at him and realized that she did have a human throat. She must have collapsed back into her half-and-half form, and she was too weak to change back again. â€Å"Having trouble?† the dragon asked. Keller croaked, â€Å"You should never have come back.† â€Å"Wrong,† the dragon said. â€Å"I like the modern world.† â€Å"You should have stayed asleep. Who woke you up?† She was buying time, of course, to try and regain some strength. But she also truly wanted to know. The dragon laughed. â€Å"Someone,† he said. â€Å"Someone you’ll never know. A witch who isn’t a witch. We made our own alliance.† Keller didn’t understand, and her brain was too fuzzy to deal with it. But just at that moment, she noticed something else. Movement behind the dragon. The figures that had been lying on the ground were stirring. And they were doing it stealthily, in ways that showed they were awake and with their wits about them. They were alive. She could see Galen’s head lift, with moonlight shining on his hair as he looked at her. She could see Winnie turn toward Iliana and begin to crawl. She could see Nissa’s shoulders hump and then fall back. Later, when they were asked, they would all say the same thing had brought them to awareness: a deep rumbling sound that vibrated in their bones. The dragon’s roar. Or, at least, three of them would say that. Galen would always say that all he heard was Keller’s scream and his eyes came open. The surge of hope she felt made Keller’s heart beat hard and wiped away the pain-for the moment, at least. But she was terrified of giving the dragon some clue. She didn’t dare look at Galen any longer. She stared at the dragon’s black stone eyes and thought with all her strength, Get away. Get away, take the Jeep, take Diana. He may not be able to follow you. Run. â€Å"Your time’s over,† she told the dragon out loud. â€Å"The shapeshifters don’t want you anymore. Everything has changed.† â€Å"And it’s changing again,† the dragon said. â€Å"The end of the world is coming, and the beginning of a new one. It’s time for everything that’s sleeping to wake back up again.† Keller had a horrified vision of hundreds of dragons being dug up and brought back to life. But there was something going on in the clearing that was even more horrifying to her. Galen wasn’t getting away. He was slithering on his stomach toward her. And Winnie, the idiot, was beside Diana nowbut she wasn’t dragging her to the Jeep. She seemed to be whispering to her. Keller felt a hot wave of utter desperation. What can I do? If the dragon sees them, they’re all dead. There’s nothing any of them can do against him. Galen’s not a warrior-he can’t change. Nissa looks too hurt to move. Winnie’s orange fire won’t even singe the dragon. And Diana will get swatted like a butterfly. They can’t do anything. I have to. She was so tired and hurt, and her claws were much less lethal than in her full panther form. But she had to do it, and she had to do it now. â€Å"Go back where you came from!† she shouted. She bunched her muscles and jumped. Right for him. Straight on. That was what took him by surprise, the sheer insanity of the attack. He threw the black energy at her, but he couldn’t stop her leap. Her claws ripped into his forehead again, and then she fell back. The dragon’s scream split the heavens. Dizzy with pain and shock, Keller stared at him, hoping desperately†¦ But she’d taken only one horn off. He still had two. He thrashed around in wounded fury, then threw the dark power at her again. Keller shuddered and lost her balance. She crashed to the ground and lay there, limp. â€Å"Keller!† The scream was full of such raw anguish that it hurt Keller’s throat to hear it. It made her heart throb hard and then fall in sick dismay. Galen, no, she thought. Don’t bother with me. You have to get Iliana away. â€Å"Keller!† he screamed again, and then he was beside her, holding her. â€Å"No . ? .† she whispered. She couldn’t say more than that. She looked at him pleadingly with the eyes of a dumb beast. If he died, too, it would make her own death meaningless. The dragon was still screaming, both hands to his forehead. He seemed to be too angry to attack. â€Å"Keller, hang on. Please, you have to hang on.† Galen was dripping tears on her face. â€Å"Run†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she whispered. Instead, he did the most gallant thing she had ever seen. He was already holding her, his shaky hand stroking the hair off her face, brushing one of her tufted ears. Now, suddenly, he gripped her hard, and his expression changed. His jaw tightened, and a white line showed around his mouth. And his eyes†¦ seemed to darken and glow red. Too late, Keller realized. He was taking her impression. Learning her shape. No. You were meant to be something gentle. Galen stood up. And changed. But something was a little off. Maybe it was the fact that he had to hurry when he took the impression, or some extra twist from his own genes. Because, instead of becoming a soot-black panther, he became a gleaming golden leopard. The same animal. Different colors. This leopard was the dark rich gold of Galen’s hair, and its eyes were the incredible green of his eyes. He was marked with perfect black rosettes, each with an even darker gold center. His body was sleek and supple and almost seven feet long with the tail. He was a big leopard, at least a hundred and sixty pounds. And before Keller had time to think, he was in motion. A good spring. Untutored but full of the real killer instinct. The coughing yell he let out as he jumped was the kind a cat makes when its fury is too great to hold in. The dragon whirled to face him. But it was too late. Once again, the crackling dark power hit but couldn’t stop the rush. The dragon’s human body couldn’t fend off a hundred and sixty pounds of solid feline muscle. Keller saw Galen swipe. The dragon bellowed, clapping a hand to his head. And Keller wanted to cheer. She couldn’t. She didn’t have the strength left. But her heart was singing inside her with sheer pride. You did it. Oh, Galen, my prince, you did it. She saw his body falling, struck by the black energy. She saw it hit the ground and lie still. And she was sorry that they were both going to die. But with the dragon dead, too, and Iliana alive, there would still be hope. There would be people to carry on. Then she looked at the dragon, and time stopped, and her heart turned to ice. He still had a horn left. The one right in the middle. They hadn’t done it after all. He still had power. He was going to kill them now, and Iliana, too. And neither she nor Galen could do anything to stop him. The noises the dragon was making were beyond description. He seemed to be out of his mind in pain and fury. And then Keller realized that it was more than that. He was screaming in sheer blood-lust-and he was changing. So strange-she hadn’t even thought about the dragon changing before. But she could take on most animals. She knew to go for the juncture between head and neck for rhinos, the belly for a lion. But this†¦ what it was shifting into†¦ No. I don’t believe it, Keller thought. It looked more like a moth being born than a shapeshifter changing. It split its human skin like a chrysalis. More of the yellowish liquid she had seen on Jaime’s cheek oozed from the splits. And what was revealed underneath was hard and greenish-yellow, flat, smooth. Scaly. The smell was the smell from the basement Sickly-sweet, pungent, an odor to make your stomach lurch. Powerful back legs bunched, and the figure grew and stood against the moonlit sky. It was huge. In her mind, Keller saw a scene from the past. Iliana, her violet eyes huge, saying, â€Å"He can turn into a dragon?† And Keller’s scornful answer, â€Å"No, of course not. Don’t be silly.† Wrong, Keller thought. It actually looked more like velociraptor than a dragon. Too big-it was more than fifteen feet long, counting the powerful tail. But it had the same look of alien intelligence, the same reptilian snout, the same saberlike hind claws. It’s not a mindless animal, Keller thought. It’s smart. It even has things like hands on its forelegs; It’s where evolution took a different turn. And it had power. Maybe more power this way than in its human form. Keller could feel its mind even at this distance, the terrible ancient core of hatred and malice, the endless thirst for blood. It opened its mouth, and for an instant Keller expected to see fire. But what came out was a roar that showed huge spiky teeth-and a flood of black energy. The dark power crackled around it like an aura of lightning. Nothing-no shapeshifter, no witch, no vampire-could stand against this creature. Keller knew that absolutely. That was when she saw Iliana getting up. Stay down, you idiot! Keller thought. Iliana stood straight. There’s no point, don’t attract its attention†¦ â€Å"Azhdeha!† Iliana shouted. And the monster turned. There they were, the maiden and the dragon, face to face. Iliana looked twice as small as ever before in contrast to this giant. Her silver-gold hair was blowing loose in the wind, and her dress shimmered around her. She was so delicate, so graceful-and so fragile, standing there like a lily swaying on its stalk. I can’t watch, Keller thought. I can’t see this. Please†¦ â€Å"Azhdeha!† Iliana said, and her voice was sweet but ringing and stern. â€Å"Hashteher! Tiamat!† It’s a spell, Keller thought. Winnie taught her a spell? When they were lying there, whispering together? But what kind of spell would Winnie know against dragons? â€Å"Poisonous Serpent! Cold-blooded Biter! Rasta-ban! Anguis!† No, they’re names, Keller realized slowly. Its names. Dragon names. Old names. â€Å"I am a witch and the daughter of a witch. Mine was the hand that took your power; mine was the hand that buried you in silence. Hecate was the most ancient of my mothers. Hecate’s hand is my hand now.† Winnie couldn’t have taught her that. Nobody could have taught her that. No witch alive today. Keller could see Winnie’s pale face watching in surprise from beyond Iliana, her eyes and mouth dark O’s. â€Å"Mine is the hand that sends you back!† Diana’s palms were cupped now, and orange fire crackled between them. Keller’s heart plummeted. Golden-orange fire. Witch fire. It was impressive, from a girl who’d never been trained, but it wasn’t nearly enough. It was about as dangerous to the dragon as a firefly. She heard Winnie’s voice in the silence, small and frightened but determined. â€Å"Aim for the horn!† The dragon threw back its head and laughed. That was what it looked like, anyway. What came out was a roar like all the other roars and a belch of black energy that fountained skyward. But in her head, Keller heard maniacal laughter. Then it swung its head back down and pointed the horn straight at Iliana. Die! it said. The word wasn’t spoken but sent on a cold wave of pure energy. â€Å"Mine is the power of the ages† Iliana shouted back. â€Å"Mine is the power-â€Å" The golden flare in her palms was changing, blazing white, blinding hot†¦ â€Å"-OF THE END OF THE WORLD!† Something like a supernova was born between her hands. The tight shot up and out, exploding. It was impossible to look at. And it was no longer white but dazzling, lightning-brilliant blue. The blue fire. The Wild Power had awakened. I knew it, Keller thought I knew it all along. Keller couldn’t see what happened to the dragon; the light was simply too bright. While it flared around her, she was bathed in radiance that seemed to shine through her, humming inside her and lighting up her bones. She tried to lift her own hand and saw nothing but a vague rainbow shape. But she heard the dragon’s scream. Not low like the roar but high and squealing, a sound like icicles driving into her ears. It went up and up, higher in pitch until even Keller couldn’t track it. And then there was a thin sound like distant glass shattering, and then there was no sound at all. There were shooting stars in the blue-white light. For the second time that evening, Keller fainted. â€Å"Boss! Please, Boss, hurry. Wake up!† Keller blinked open her eyes. Galen was holding her. He was human. So was she. And Winnie and Nissa were trying to drag both of them somewhere. Keller gazed up into those gold-green eyes. The exact color of a leopard’s, she thought. Only leopards don’t cry, and his were brimming with tears. She lifted a languorous hand and stroked his cheek. He cupped his own hand over it. Keller couldn’t think. There were no words in her mind. But she was glad to be here with him, for this last moment in the moonlight. It had all been worth it â€Å"Boss, please!† Winnie was almost crying, too. â€Å"Let me die in peace,† Keller said, although she didn’t realize she was saying it aloud until she heard the words. Then she added, â€Å"Don’t you cry, Winfrith. You did a good job.† â€Å"Boss, you’re not dying! The blue fire did something-it healed us. We’re all okay. But it’s almost midnight!† Keller bunked. She blinked again. Her body didn’t hurt anymore. She’d assumed it was the blessed numbness that comes just before death. But now she realized that it wasn’t. Her blood was running in her veins; her muscles felt firm and strong. She didn’t even have a headache. She stared beyond Winnie to the girl in white. Diana was still slight and childlike, almost fairy-like of figure. But something had changed about her. At first, Keller thought she looked as distant and beautiful as a star, but then she smiled and wasn’t distant at all. She was simply more beautiful than the dreams of mortals. And really shining with her own light. It pooled around her in soft, silvery radiance. Keller had never seen a Wild Power do that before, not on any of the tapes. But she’s not just a Wild Power, the voice in her head whispered. She’s the Witch Child. And Goddess alone knows all that she’s meant to do. For a moment, Keller felt so awed that it was almost like unhappiness. But then Winnie’s message finally sank in. She snapped her head up. â€Å"Midnight?† â€Å"Yes!† Winnie said frantically. Keller bolted upright. â€Å"Nissa?† â€Å"Right here, Boss.† Keller felt a flood of relief. Nissa was the one who had seemed closest to death on the ground there. But now she was standing on her own two feet, looking cool and imperturbable, even though her shirt was bloody and in rags. â€Å"Nissa, can you drive that Jeep? Can you figure out how to get to Charlotte?† â€Å"I think so. Boss.† Keller had never been so grateful to hear that calm voice in her life. She jumped up. â€Å"Then let’s go!† How to cite Night World : Witchlight Chapter 17, Essay examples

Light Rail Project-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Disucss about the light rail Project to be Implemented in the city of Perth. Answer: Introduction: The light rail is a process which involves transportation in the urban areas which his intended for use as a public transport by the usage of rolling stock (Dorsey, 2016). This process is similar in operation to the traditional tramway but he only difference is the presence of high capacity. The light rail as such has no particular meaning. Project management is a process, which involves the joint managing processes like planning, initiation, development, test and control. The process of project management techniques is used to get the most advantages form a specific project under construction. The capital of Western Australia is Perth. The constitution of the public transport in Perth includes the bus, trams, interstate rail and the suburban rail. This project for the development of a light rail is supposed to add huge advantages to the public transport of Perth, which will contribute to better society. The report discusses about the various details needed for the implementation and the construction of a light rail project in Perth (Golub, Guhathakurta Sollapuram, 2012). The project is also intended for the betterment of Australian public services. The improvement in the public services is the main outcome for the implementation of the project. All the crowded and the busy aspects in transportation will be covered by the light rail that is to be made. The project also includes the required number of stops in the city, as the population is very much in the chosen demographics. The main discussion surrounds the need for the project and the design concepts of the project. As the concepts of the design will be a complex one, higher aim and focus will be directed on the designs for making the project a successful one. Need definition: Before commencing with the plans of the project, it is required for the authorities to analyze the various aspects that will be helpful in the development of the project. The electrical vehicles that are intended for greater use of capacitive limit and the speed of travel are the main definition of the light-rail (Bhattacharjee Goetz, 2012). This network of electric rails made for upgrading the speed and limit is termed as the light rail. The light rail works by the power of the wires that is a good conductor of electricity and are low-floored trams. The power for moving the structure is provide from the light wires in the form of electricity. Thus, efficient personnel are needed for designing the structures of the light rail throughout the city. The whole project proposal is supposed to be very efficient and comfortable for the citizens so that journey to various places is facilitated in a time efficient manner (Higgins, Ferguson and Kanaroglou, 2014). The light rail project is sup posed to include various connections within a point to facilitate forward and backward travelling of the citizens involved by the light rail. The main intended outcome of the project is to provide peace of mind during transportation facilities to the citizens along with the perseverance of the scenic beauty of Perth. The noise level of the light tram is very low (Cao Schoner, 2014). Thus, it will not contribute to environmental concerns. The level of pollution is also supposed to be very low to contribute less to the pollution level of the city. As the operation of the light tram is based on electricity, the possibility of air pollution is very low. The convenience and time efficiency of transport is provide by the speed with which it travels. The average speed of the light rail is 70 km/hr. This will help the light rail to reach the intended destination fast and in an efficient manner. This will majorly contribute to the transportation of Perth due to decreasing the congestion in roads and attracting the public people to reach their destination. In addition, the major contribution of this project to the public services in Perth will help the city involved to prosper in various ways (Carpintero and Petersen, 2014). The loophole in Perth is filled by adopting and increasing the transportation facilities, which solves the problem of the cabs. The light rail is also supposed to give a safe and efficient journey to the citizens availing them. This helps the city to give more point of interest to the population of Perth and gives reason to enjoy the peace involved in availing the transportation facilities form their source and destination. Conceptual design: This section of the report discusses about the various concepts in designs that are to be implemented in the construction of the project. Review of designs: The Perth city council has made the statement that they are thinking of using the application of the light rail in the city of the Perth for increasing the transportation efficiency with the motive of making the public transport more environments friendly (Ho KNAUS, 2014). The light rail project can resolve the huge traffic issues in the city, which is believed by the councils of the city. The implementation of the light rail project will have huge impact on both the city and its citizen thus the advantages of light rail is countless and for the welfare of the public (Lewiset al. 2015). Some of the advantages can be extra revenue for the city better transportation for the public less traffic on the road thus less pollution in the city (Mendes, Bennassar and Chow 2017). The population of the Perth is estimated to be up to 2 million, which implies that the current transportation scenario for the city is not in favor with the growing population. The biggest challenges arising for the i mplication of the light rail is its routes. The effective route of the light rail will decide the transportation scenario of the city. However, it is practically impossible to cover every corner of the city through the light rail but the councils will build the stations in such a place where maximum commuters can easily access the light rail After the route is finalized the next big challenge is construction. The construction of the light rail has to be done in the busy streets of the city. Thus, the government has planned to utilize the free space beside the road for keeping the construction material. The places where are high buildings and office complex it is not possible to demolish the building for the light rail project. Therefore, the council has decided that they will construct and over bridge, which will be utilized as the free space for the constructing materials and the project can be carried out smoothly, which will enable the city council to make better decisions for the implantation of the project (Hurst and West 2014). Moreover the over bridge will also enable other route of transportation for the people. Thus, the strategy can be seen as the comparing conversely with the other strategies for the transportation rather ignoring them. Figure 1: The Proposed Light Rail Network of Perth (Source: Created by Author) The idea associated with the light rail network is to use as a primary roadways for the citizen of the Perth is of great potential. The breadth of the roads is not compatible with the implantation of the rail networks (Higgins, Ferguson and Kanaroglou 2014). The route of the rail, which is to be constructed at the road, has to be made sure that there is both way passage for the commuters while commuting. The safety of the citizens during the constructions is the top priority of the councils. Another challenge is related to the stations is that the stations should be wide enough which require such as the fifteen hundred square feet space for the station. The blur print of the whole project is handed over to the council for better analysis of the project. Technical performance measures: Power Distribution: A vital factor for the light rail network is the efficient distribution of the power without which the light rail will not run (Valenzuela-Montes, Soria-Lara Navarro-Ligero, 2016). Communication between the Rails: For the sake of the safety of the people, proper communication among the rails in those routes is crucial (Nolte Yacobi, 2015). Working Functionality of Rail: Each of the rails will be fitted with application that will monitor the activities within the rail. Product life cycle: The product lifecycle of railroad project will be depending on the following factors Infrastructure of the construction work Infrastructure of the material transport Entire System of the light rail project Infrastructure operation of the project Route alignment: The population count of the city of Perth is supposedly very high (2 million). The citizens of the city are heavily dependent on the public transport for travelling between destinations among the city (Chatman, Tulach Kim, 2012). Due to the development of the project, the level of congestion in transportation will be reduced to a significant level. The main crowded areas will be covered by the project and the busiest areas are to be served by the light rail. This process will also provide many types of social advantages to the city as well. The route of the rail will go through the busiest and the congested places of the city. This will help to solve the problem in congestion among these places and serve the citizens of the city in a better way. Considerations: The estimate regarding the financial and economic aspects of the project is made and the sum is supposed to include an amount of 794 million dollars. Fig: Estimate requirements (Source: By the author) The approximate cost by estimation depends on the design concepts that will be made by the technical and the general authorities involved in making and finalizing the project. The major findings of the project serve to mitigate the risk involved in the transportation plan (Chatman Kim, 2014). The estimated value shown in the figure gives a rough estimate about the required amount. However, the required amount is supposed to change depending on the officer in charge of the financial statements of the project. The constant values required for the project has to be considered before going on with the project plan. The capital amount for the project includes the amount that is that is required for the completion of the project and not the amount that is provided by the government of Australia. Conclusion: The report concludes by pointing out the facts that the project that is intended to be made will be very advantageous to the development of the citys growth. The development of the project should be analyzed and this needs the requirements for efficient personnel for carrying out the development of the plan. This project is also supposed to be very important for the development of the city and for the development of the betterment in public services. This project is also used to provide an example to the other cities of Australia in terms of public service betterment and pollution free model. This project is also supposed to increase the efficiency in the structure of the city of Perth. The project is supposed to reduce the traffic related problems, which will help in reducing the congestion in the roads. This will facilitate the light rail to increase the speed to a level to apply smoother transportation facilities to the public citizens. As the city is supposed to be very busy in t erms of the congestion in the traffic, the project will provide a great help to the needs of the population involved. This report is developed to provide an estimate about the project to develop the light rail implementations throughout the city. The basic idea about the project that has to be made along with the estimated costs and frameworks for the layout of the project is also referenced in this report. The network of these light rails that is being developed makes up the light rail organization. The structure of this type of work utilizes the presence of low shunned cable cars that does not need more power form the cables. The designers of the project will be given an option to route the layout of the rail throughout the roads in the city of Perth. The project will also include the end requirements like the running of three rail cars at the same time and in the same direction to avoid the problems of congestion. However, to make up for the cost of the project, the ticket cost o f the light rail will be set a little high to make up the invested amount. The price will be reduced to a fixed amount after a year to keep the customers engaged and happy. The feasibility of the project is providing in the aspects of technical and financial stability. As the project will use the construction of rail cables in space, the land requirements for construction will be very low. This will facilitate the smooth processing of the traffic and will not hinder the operations during construction. The investigation taken by the BRD esteemed a plausible outcome for the construction of the report. In addition, the light rail project is also supposed to be practical in terms of social aspects and financial aspects. The provisioning of the monetary advantages gave the project ideology a legitimate reason to actualize itself in the city of Perth. Recommendations: The city council and the respective authorities responsible for the project development need to maintain the security of the project and see that it in no way jeopardizes the national and international safety precautions (Dittmar Ohland, 2012). In addition, the project needs to supervise by efficient personnel so that the cost required for the project is reduced by a considerable amount to facilitate better funding mechanisms (Dorsey, 2016). References: Bhattacharjee, S., Goetz, A. R. (2012). Impact of light rail on traffic congestion in Denver.Journal of Transport Geography,22, 262-270. Cao, X. J., Schoner, J. (2014). 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